Pamanahong Papel Kabanata 1 Adhd - 1587 Words

KABANATA I ANG SULIRANIN AT ANG KALIGIRAN NITO Panimula Ating isipin ang mabilis na pagtakbo ng panahon na kung saan ang mga tunog, larawan at mga kaisipan ay wari’y mabilis na nagbabago. Pagkainip sa sandaling panahon pa lamang, gayunman, hindi malaman kung paano pipiliting isipin ang mga dapat gawin. Nagugulo ng mga ligaw na tunog at ng iba’t-ibang mga natatanaw. Ang iyong isipan ay pilit na idinadala sa isang bagong kaisipan na malayo sa realidad o sa isang bagong gawain na malayo sa orihinal. Lingid sa kaalaman ng mga nakararami ay may isang kondisyong pangkalusugan ang natuklasang nakakaapekto sa lima hanggang walong porsyento sa populasyong kinabibilangan ng mga bata. Sa mga bata, ito ang pakiramdam ng may Attention Deficit†¦show more content†¦Alamin at tuklasin ang mga dahilan sa likod ng di pangkaraniwang gawi ng ilang mga taong nagtataglay ng ganitong karamdaman†¦ ang ATTENTION-DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER. Pagpapahayag ng Suliranin Sa paksang napiling saliksikin, may mga inihaing layunin na ninanais mapagtagumpayan upang ito ay maibahagi sa mga mambabasa. Ang mga sumusunod na mga katanungan ay ilan sa mga suliranin na nilapatan ng mga kasagutan sa pamamagitan ng pagtalakay at paglalahad sa isinagawang pananaliksik. 1. Anu-ano ang demograpikong profile ng mga respondents? 2. Sinu-sino ang mga kadalasang apektado ng ganitong uri ng disorder o kakulangan? 3. Anu-ano ang sanhi at salik ng pagkakaroon ng ADHD? 4. Anu-ano ang mga paraan sa panggagamot at pagkontrol ng naturang kakulangan? 5. Ano ang bunga o posibleng maging epekto sa batang may ADHD kung siya ay nag-aaral pa? 6. Ano at paano ang paghahambing ng mga kaso ng ADHD sa Pilipinas sa kaso ng ADHD sa ibang bansa? 7. Paano nagiging malaking tulong sa progresyon ng ADHD sa bata ang pakikitungo ng mga taong nakapaligid sa kanya? Kahalagahan ng Pag-aaral Ang pananaliksik na ito ay mahalaga at makatutulong sa mga sumusunod: Sa mga mambabasa: Bibigyang halaga ng pananaliksik na ito ang buong katotohanan sa likod ng sakit na Attention- Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Sa pamamagitan nito, mabubukas ang isip ng mga tao sa kung ano ba talaga ang kahalagahan

The Sun Also Rises by Ernest Hemingway Essay - 501 Words

The Sun Also Rises by Ernest Hemingway In the novel The Sun Also Rises, written by Ernest Hemingway the main character, Jake, makes a decision to introduce the woman he loves to a young bullfighter. He had received a wound from W.W.I that scarred him sexually and thus set him apart from anyone else. Jake loves Brett, but cannot be with her since she has an active love life. Brett said, Oh, Jake, we could have had such a damned good time together.#8230;Yes, I said. Isnt it pretty to think so?(122). Jake seems to be an observer who watches the lives of his friends unfold and happen around him, but without his participation. Jake makes the decision very much against the will of his friends, but in doing so he pleases†¦show more content†¦He did not think that it would be a good idea for Brett to have anything to do Romero, and did not want him to receive the message that invited him to have coffee with their group. At this point it is clear that Jake does not approve of this proposed encounter. His later decis ion to introduce them supports the idea that Jake has unconditionally devoted himself to Brett, and her happiness. The change in decision shows Jakes conflict between letting Romero have Brett and making her happy. The introduction between Romero and Brett was a very strange one, because it did not mean for Jake to go out of his way for it to happen. It was much more the will of Brett. She raved on and on about Romero and insisted to Jake that they go and find him. Jake did not fight her on this issue, but he certainly did not provoke it. Jake was more of a stooge for Brett. She would have had her way even if Jake had not helped her. She uses her feminine charm, and there is, little that Jake can say. At one point she says Oh, darling, please stay by me. Please stay by me and see me through this(188). Jake stays too wrapped around her finger to refuse. No question remains in Jakes mind that he will lose Montoya as a friend and also the respect that others had once held for him , yet he chooses Brett over these losses. Jake even goes as far as to make an agreement withShow MoreRelatedThe Sun Also Rises By Ernest Hemingway1649 Words   |  7 PagesThe Sun Also Rises Ernest Hemingway Introduction Ernest Hemingway’s The Sun Also Rises is a classic work of American prose, and is essential to understanding the social climate of the 1920’s, and the â€Å"Lost Generation†. Hemingway’s motley cast of star-crossed lovers, rabble-rousers, expatriates, gamblers, and burgeoning alcoholics reflect the excitement, loneliness, and disillusionment experienced by Hemingway and his contemporaries. In addition, the post-war angst of young people of the time isRead MoreThe Sun Also Rises By Ernest Hemingway Essay889 Words   |  4 Pages Books are long. While â€Å"The Sun Also Rises† by Ernest Hemingway is a relatively short book, it still contains a wealth of intricate detail. In any short analysis of such a work of literature, some detail is almost assuredly lost. Hemingway has a lot to say through this story, despite his brevity with words. While not necessarily the most important elements of the book, I shall cast our focus on what Hemingway says thr ough the characters alcoholism and personal relationships. These characters haveRead MoreThe Sun Also Rises by Ernest Hemingway656 Words   |  3 PagesErnest Hemingway is an American twentieth century novelist who served in World War I. During World War I, he served as an ambulance driver for the Italian army. He wrote the novel The Sun Also Rises in Paris in the 1920s. Hemingway argues that the Lost Generation suffered immensely after World War I because of severe problems with masculinity, alcohol, and love. Masculinity creates a strong tension amongst the male characters in The Sun Also Rises. The clearest example is the impotency of theRead MoreThe Sun Also Rises By Ernest Hemingway1169 Words   |  5 PagesThe Sun Also Rises, written by Ernest Hemingway, is a novel about a group of young expatriates, living in Paris after World War I and going on a trip to Spain filled with drinking, bullfighting, and much more. The protagonist, Jake Barnes, an impotent American WWI veteran and bullfighting aficionado, spends much of his time watching and sometimes helping Brett, the woman he loves, go off with other men. Most of the book takes place in urban areas like Paris and Pamplona is filled with drunken fightsRead MoreThe Sun Also Rises By Ernest Hemingway Essay1676 Words   |  7 PagesErnest Hemingway’s The Sun Also Rises presents an interesting commentary on the fluidity of gender roles and the effects of stepping outside of the socially constructed binary approach to gender. Jake’s impotence and his inability to win Brett romantically results in a struggle wit h masculinity and inadequacy. Brett, possessing many masculine attributes, serves as a foil and embodies the masculinity the men in the novel lack. The juxtaposition of Jake’s struggle and Brett’s refusal to adhere to conventionalRead MoreThe Sun Also Rises by Ernest Hemingway1195 Words   |  5 Pagespowerful aspects of a book. For instance, when a reader reads the title The Sun Also Rises, written by Ernest Hemingway, the reader is able to understand that the title of the novel is connected directly to the message that the author is attempting to convey. The title later brings forth much more significance towards the very end of the novel when the reader pauses and contemplates Hemingway’s motives. The title The Sun Also Rises has the ability to stimulate deep thought within a reader, thus forcingRead MoreThe Sun Also Rises By Ernest Hemingway Essay2149 Words   |  9 PagesErnest Hemingway was one of America’s premiere authors during the early 1900 ’s. He brilliantly wrote a short story or novel in a fashion that was unconventional for the time period. While reading any work by Hemingway the reader has to keep in mind that what is written might be tied to some other part in the story. Hemingway many different writing strategies to keep the reader engaged throughout his stories. Ernest Hemingway is able to keep the readers engaged throughout this novel by incorporatingRead MoreThe Sun Also Rises By Ernest Hemingway1918 Words   |  8 PagesZach Ullom Eng-125F-SO2 Dr. Les Hunter December 3, 2015 Brett Ashley: Whore or Heroine in The Sun Also Rises After a thorough reading and in-depth analyzation of Ernest Hemingway’s riveting novel The Sun Also Rises, the character of Brett Ashley may be seen in a number of different ways. While some critics such as Mimi Reisel Gladstein view Brett as a Circe or bitch-goddess, others such as Carol H. Smith see Brett as a woman who has been emotionally broken by the world around her. I tend lean towardsRead MoreThe Sun Also Rises By Ernest Hemingway1245 Words   |  5 PagesThe writer of The Sun Also Rises, Ernest Hemingway was a short story writer, journalist, and an American novelist. He produced most of his work between the nineteen twenties and nineteen fifties. One of Hemingway’s many novels, The Sun Also Rises was originally published on October 22, 1926. In the novel, The Sun Also Rises, Hemingway uses the lead female character, Lady Brett Ashley to portray the new age of women in that time period. In the beginning of the novel when Brett is introduced, sheRead MoreThe Sun Also Rises, Ernest Hemingway1101 Words   |  4 PagesIn most cases all anyone needs in life is love. But what is love? In The sun Also Rises by Ernest Hemingway we get the sad truth about what love sometimes is in the real world and in some cases alike this novel, there are many reasons in which love is lost. One of the reasons for lost love is sex. Unfortunately the sexual drive of other characters in the novel dictates whether they love each other or not. Another factor that plays a huge role of leaving love hopeless is alcohol. In this novel

Microsoft An Overview Free Essays

There are many factors that must be considered when â€Å"scoping† out a company for a potential merger or acquisition. I being the CEO of a major competitive software manufacturing company look for many things. Things such as strategic planning, financial performance, technological advances and marketing opportunities are just some of the factors that must be looked at when considering another company for acquisition. We will write a custom essay sample on Microsoft: An Overview or any similar topic only for you Order Now In this case, Microsoft Corporation is our target. I will be examining the above-mentioned factors before making my decision on whether or not an acquisition will be feasible. Microsoft Corporation was founded in 1975 by William H. Gates III. The company, which was inspired by Gates, had a vision of computers powered by software developed by the company being a way of life. The goal was to integrate computers into people†s everyday lives. The company started out in Gates† garage with primitive technology and unlimited aspiration. Today the company has grown to be the world†s number one software developer and manufacturer. The company offers a very diverse line of products ranging from home user applications to high tech business software. Microsoft develops and manufactures a full line of games, web publishing, and most importantly, it†s number one piece of software, Windows 2000 and ever-popular Office 2000. The world basically runs on Microsoft software. The software is shipped with 70% of the world†s computers giving Microsoft a total of over 19 billion dollars in revenues for 1999. Microsoft has recently emerged in the world of Internet Service Providers (ISP†s) to become a competitor of the well-known America Online. The Microsoft Network (MSN) as it is known offers users the same advantages of the leading ISP†s while incorporating its own technology to make the online experience more user friendly and technologically advanced than the others. MSN allows users to interface their online work with their regular operating software to allow for easier web publishing, more advanced multimedia presentations, and quicker processing time. There have been many issues concerning Microsoft†s strategies. Many say that the company is only in the market to take over and monopolize. As a matter of fact, the United States Government is currently in a civil anti-trust case against the company. Evidence and criticism has been brought against them in order to try to stop them from monopolizing. In the past five years, Microsoft has made over forty acquisitions of companies of all sizes. It seems now that they are doing more investing in companies rather than taking over. Microsoft holds large investment positions in NBC, Nextel Communications, ATT, NTL Inc. , Qwest Communications and United Pan-Europe Communications. Of course those are only the largest investment positions of 200 million dollars and over. There are many other small investment positions as well. This is just one of the strategies of the company, as a result of all of their investment positions, it allows them to increase their market share through exposure in different markets. Another strategy that Microsoft adheres to is to be the most technologically advanced software developer in the market. Microsoft has always been the leader in technology when it comes to all types of software, whether it is for home user or business. It is said that within the next few years, many people will begin to live in â€Å"smart homes. Microsoft is currently developing technology that will enable a computer to run an entire household, without the user being home! It is this type of technology that keeps Microsoft ahead of the rest of the competition. This goes hand in hand with the expected $3. 8 billion expected investment in RD in fiscal 2000. It is no wonder why the government is trying to break up this enormous super power of a company! A critical strategy that Microsoft is part of is immense globalization. Microsoft has marketing locations in over 73 countries worldwide. This is a big part of Microsoft†s strategy because it allows them to gain exposure all over the world, which will influence businesses and homes all over the world to become part of the Microsoft network of software. Financially Microsoft has always been a top performer. Since the company went public in March of 1986, the company has grown to 325% of its original size. In fiscal year 1985, the company had a net income of $24 million, as of fourth quarter 1999; the company had a net income of $7. 7 billion. Total stockholders equity in fiscal 99 was over $28 billion. Numbers like these are not very common in the software developing and manufacturing business. Most of Microsoft†s revenues come from Licensing Agreements. Licensing Agreements are software agreements that companies enter into with Microsoft for the permission to install and use Microsoft software in their business. When new software is available, the company has a choice to renew their lease agreement of use other software, the latter not being too wise. This brings me to the topics of competition and threats. True there is competition in the world of software, lots of it. The biggest competitor with Microsoft is a company called Red Hat. Red Hat manufactures a platform known as Linux. Linux is strictly business application software that is used by large corporations for implementing inventory systems, databases, and the like. Another source of competition comes from a company known as Novell. Novell is known for Novell Netware. This is business application software that is used mainly in financial institutions like banks and brokerage firms. This software is used for logging transactions at banks and brokerage firms, while maintaining an internal network within the company. Red Hat and Novell only occupy about forty to fifty percent of the market share combined. One should keep in mind that behind these two software platforms is Microsoft†s NT Server Client software powering the servers that allow the companies to use this software! Basically, even thought there is competition, Microsoft still is able to gain a piece of the market share by being one step ahead of its competition. A big issue for Microsoft that is becoming a growing threat to the company is Software Piracy. Software Piracy is committed by making illegal copies of the software and perhaps even selling it. This is a very common act today with the ease of using a CD burner. In fact, many businesses operate on illegal software, which in turn hurts the revenues of Microsoft. Microsoft is currently working on programs that cannot be copied to blank disks in order to protect themselves from this threat. Currently, anyone who knows where to get the software from illegal web sites can download them absolutely free. Once this software is downloaded to a hard drive, it can be written to a CD and then re-written, an infinite number of times from that one CD that was originally used. It is clear to see that this can become quite harmful if not taken care of promptly. This is especially done with businesses. However, they do buy one copy of the software from Microsoft and then copy it onto all of the computers in the office, thereby saving themselves large amounts of money. It is a proven statistic that in some companies, there exists over five hundred copies of illegal software that are being used in normal business operation. It is easy to see how this can create a loss for Microsoft, no doubt that this problem will be resolved in the future. Another threat to Microsoft as I mentioned before is the ongoing Anti-trust case that is currently pending. In this case, the government is trying to break up Microsoft into perhaps a number of smaller companies, which would allow for more competition to enter the market. Bill gates sees this as a better opportunity to further diversify the line of product that Microsoft delivers. This will actually give Microsoft a better chance to scope out different markets and perhaps develop new products for PC†s and businesses that will better enable other countries to prosper. As the CEO of my firm, I have a very involved decision to make. I feel that the wisest decision would be to not acquire Microsoft. Microsoft is a company that is a pioneer of software and is fully established and in order to be able to take them over, my company needs to be able to continue what Microsoft started. My company does not have the type of funds to be able to take over Microsoft, nor do we have the market cap to cover a stock for stock purchase. However, there is one consideration that I may make, that is, to form a joint venture with Microsoft. I feel that this will benefit us both in many ways. First, our technology can be combined in order to make the worlds top software developer and manufacturer that will occupy every sector of the software industry. Our manufacturing plants can be consolidated and re-structured to cut costs, wile adapting to manufacture the new software line that my company would introduce. Our management team can be re-structured as well so that strategic planning and decision-making will better implement our new ideas and technological advances. Finally, our market share will be greatly increased because of the ability to be exposed to countries that we are not currently involved in. I feel that a combination of our companies would be probably the most beneficial event that could occur in my company. Microsoft has proven itself to be the number one software company in the world; together we would be unstoppable. One problem with this joint venture would be the matter with the pending Anti-Trust case, which would probably be further fueled by this joint venture. Whatever the outcome of the case, which by the way seems to be nearing a settlement, I feel that the newly formed company will be the best thing that has happened in software since 1975. How to cite Microsoft: An Overview, Essay examples

Business Ethics and Management

Question: Write an essay on Business Ethics and Management. Answer: According to the case study, Olympus Crop was the major corporations, which were created the Hotlines to measure their ethical issues rising in their organization. According to the published details in The Wall Street Journal, the company started a panel for monitoring the wrong doings in the organization, which showed that, there were two executives who were the in charges of the company hotline and they were also purportedly behind the suppression of 15 billion dollars in company losses. Another issue was that, the company is facing a stuffy atmosphere that was suppressing the employees from expressing their problems to the top management. One employee was transferred to less valuable post for his complain through the Hotline. In addition to this, at the first stage of the Hotline system the executive was decided to be a external person for the security purpose but the manager opposed that issue (Miceli et al.,2013). The employees of any organization may feel uncomfortable while expressing their views or problems about the wrong doings within the organization, if the powers of controlling the compliances are handled by the internal employees. As an employee of any company, the suggestion may be submitted to the higher authority to handle the Hotline system by some external person. This issue is concerned, as the employees of that particular organization may be biased by the higher authority of the organization, as an example the above mentioned issues took place for this reason only. One unethical or unlawful issue is enough for destroying the image and goodwill of any company. The following principle may be helpful for resolving the ethical issues: The dealing with the customer, supplier and employees must be honest and committed. The avoidance of manipulation and unfair dealings the ethical issue should be maintained. Avoidance of situation which forces one to compromise the independent business judgment can readily deduces the generation of unethical issues. Making of candid reports on the management reveals the exact happenings in the sector of accounting and finance departments. Protection of proprietary information is the essential part of ethical code of conduct. The information about the company, customers and employees should not be divulged(Gurzawska Brey, 2015). Reference: Miceli, M. P., Near, J. P., Dworkin, T. M. (2013).Whistle-blowing in organizations. Psychology Press. Gurzawska, A. M., Brey, P. (2015). Principles and Approaches in Ethics Assessment.

There Are Many Perceptions As To How People View Slavery. When People

There are many perceptions as to how people view slavery. When people talk about slavery, the first thing that comes to their mind will be African American Slaves in the United States. They will also think of how they were brought to the United States against their own will and unequally exploited. However, according to Stephen F. Austin, during the eighteen-twenty's and thirty's Mexicans also had slaves. He compares American Slaves and Cruz Arocha as a Mexican Slave. Although there are many differences between Cruz Arocha and the American slaves, especially in the ways they are treated. First of all Americans brought their slaves to the United States chained up and against their own will. They would fit over one hundred of them in small rooms in ships for a trip across the Atlantic Ocean, with out giving them an adequate supply of food and water to live off of. According to the book, Out of Many second edition, they were stowed so close that they were not allowed one foot and a half in each breadth. Although most of the slaves died on the trip and were thrown over board, those that did survive were the best equipped for the harsh conditions awaiting them. The trip itself got rid of all the slaves that would not last long in harsh conditions. Those that survived were what the Americans needed. Upon arrival in the United States the slaves would se either sold or traded for goods, land or other slaves. They were always chained up when they were not working and when they were, there was always someone watching over them with a gun and a whip. Slaves who did not obey the ir masters were whipped. According to the book even the most broad-minded plantation owners of the eighteenth century thought nothing about floggings of fifty or seventy slashes. Mexicans viewed slavery as having people mistreated and never treated as equals. Not showing any type of moral value towards a real person. Mexicans on the other hand had what Stephen F. Austin called slaves helping them out in anything needed. Even though these so-called slaves were not chained up and whipped like American slaves, they were still slaves to Austin. This was because they were not paid for the job that they did and had no say so in family decisions. These so-called slaves were given, in return for their services good food and shelter. They could go mostly anywhere they wanted without someone always looking at what they were doing and threatening to whip or kill them. These so-called slaves were not brought to do what they did against their own will; it came to be because of some family problem. In most cases their families died out so they had no where else to go. So they went to another family who would help them out, and in return they would help that family with anything needed to be done around the place where they lived. So, when Stephen F. Austin saw how Cruz Arocha did everything around the hacienda for Juan Seguien he thought Arocha was a slave. So, Austin's and the American view of slavery and slaves were that anybody who was not paid for work and had no say so in family matters was slave. Stephen F. Austin is wrong in comparing Cruz Arocha to the American slaves. The only similarity the American slaves and Arocha is that they work for someone and they do not get paid for it. Arocha is never chained up and held against his own will like the American slaves. He is never treated like property and sold or traded to other people for goods like the American slaves were. He is not there because he is being forced to stay there but because it is necessity that keeps him there. Arocha does not hate Juan Seguien and his families like the American slaves hate the people that own them. Americans do not keep their morality and see slaves as animals and not as humans. They vied them as means as getting power, land and money. Mexicans never lost their morality and always treated their so-called slaves like people who actually had feelings. Slavery is

The eNotes Blog Shakespeare Its in theDNA

Shakespeare Its in theDNA Are you old enough to remember when floppy disks were  actually  floppy? Or maybe when disks were 3 wide? (Yes, kids, thats what that little icon to save your work to your hard drives and flash drives represents, a hard little disk that held approximately two Word files or a half a dozen pictures (but not at the same time). Maybe you think data storage has reached its pinnacle. It is rather startling to realize you carry more technology in your pocket on your smart phone than was available for the moon landing (but with considerably less LOL cats).   But when you understand that there is now over one trillion gigabytes of information in the world, not even the iPhone 204 can keep up with that pace. (Heres what 10 trillion gigabytes looks like in numbers: 10,000,000,000,000,000,000,000. ten plus twenty one  zeroes). Every method of storage we have thus far employed has had long-term storage problems. CDs and DVDs scratch and wear out, as do magnetic tapes. But what about DNA, natures storage system? DNA is compact and durable. We can extract DNA information from bones that are millions of years old. It sounds like science fiction, but its actually science-in-action. Nick Goldman heads up a research team at  European Bioinformatics Institute in the U.K. Goldman and his fellow scientists are studying  DNA data storage and Goldman has written a paper on the process which appeared  Ã‚  in the journal  Nature  last week. In an interview with Ira Flatow on NPRs Science Friday, Goldman explains that DNA utilizes a storage system much like computers use ones and zeroes so [w]e wrote a computer program that embodied a code that would convert the zeros and ones from a hard disk drive into the letters that we use to represent DNA, and then we our collaborators in California    were able to actually synthesize physical DNA. Once the scientists realized this was possible, they decided what they would first try to encode and store: [W]e chose a photograph of our own institute because were sort of self-publicists at heart, I guess, and an excerpt from Martin Luther Kings speech I Have a Dream, all of Shakespeares sonnets and a PDF that contained in fact the paper, the scientific paper by Watson and Crick that first described the structure of DNA itself. All of this information, Golman says, is saved   on the equivalent of a speck of dust. How large of an area would contain all 10 trillion gigabytes of the worlds information? It would fit in the back of a station wagon.

SWOT analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

SWOT analysis - Essay Example More people of all ages are becoming familiar with computers. New platforms like cell phones and tablet computers offer new linkup possibilities. Threats. The company is sensitive to dips in the national and overseas market. There are now more and more competitors. Local, national and international changes in taxes and legislation are a risk TOWS Analysis: Strengths/Opportunities Amazon.com is well placed to meet the growing online market. There is no limit to the number of products available, through partnerships with leading producers. The demographics are moving in the direction of more people, including older generations, now being able to use computer technology, which increases the market again. New hand held devices reinvigorate the youth market in particular, and Amazon.com has tweaked its interface to meet this opportunity. Strengths/Threats The company has withstood dips in the online market, partly because of its ability to switch product lines quickly when necessary. It h as a clear lead over all competitors, largely due to its patented technology. The past experience of dealing with legal and fiscal rules makes the company good at adjusting to changes. Weaknesses/Opportunities Amazon.com needs to keep its wide range, because this marks it out from competitors.

Have services closed the gap in delivering appropriate support in dual Literature review

Have services closed the gap in delivering appropriate support in dual diagnosis working - Literature review Example Likewise, patients that suffer from mental illness are quite likely to sustain their substance use habits throughout their life as compared to people who are mentally healthy (Mueser, Noordsy, and Drake 6). Therefore, it can be said that the disorders of an individual’s mood serve as the risk factor for other disorders that are related to the use of substance and vice versa (Westermeyer, Weiss, and Ziedonis 69). Depression, anxiety and tension are some of the types of upsets in the mental health (Department of Health cited in The Scottish Government). Substances most commonly abused are marijuana, heroin, tobacco, alcohol and alcoholic medicines. Treatment of such people requires the medical practitioner to study the history of the individual and find out which of the two occurred with the individual first. Either he/she acquired the mental illness first which probably caused him/her to consume drugs in order to relieve the tension, or else, he/she first became addicted to dru gs which later led the individual to the deteriorated mental health and low self esteem. There are many ways this can happen. For instance, some people get the psychotic episode triggered upon smoking marijuana (â€Å"Dual Diagnosis†). ... Once someone gets addicted to a substance, he/she starts taking it more frequently than others would mostly do. In such circumstances, all an intervention can do is to reduce the frequency with which the substance is consumed by the client. Thus, a service provider may effectively reduce the quantity of substance consumption, though the achievement of quality in intervention requires consideration of the problem at a much detailed and deeper level. Many service providers resort to such methods of treatment as counseling, prescribing substitutes for substances and encouraging group work. Mostly, these are the only techniques available to most practitioners, and their usability is limited. Reaching the correct underlying factors is extremely essential for appropriate treatment, which can not be achieved unless the addiction has been reduced to a considerably lower level. â€Å"If your client has chronic substance dependence, making substance treatment successful has to be the goal ove r accessing mental health services† (Thomas). The service of mental health assumes the main responsibility of offering comprehensive care to the people that suffer from such mental problems as co-morbid substance use problems and schizophrenia. Mental health service can be used to provide people with long term care and supervision than most services related to substance misuse can offer. According to results of the research conducted by (Menezes cited in Hughes 5), one third of the total number of users of mental health service are individuals that have combined problems of mental health. Cannabis, alcohol and other stimulants are some of the most widely consumed things

Defining concept of design thinking Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Defining concept of design thinking - Essay Example ttributed to the design thinking, it can be considered the most powerful tool when used in an efficient way and it can be the basis that drives a brand or business towards success. There are a number of steps that are associated with design thinking which include the definition of the problem, the creation of options, refining the selected options and executing the chosen selections. This part of the process is perceived to be the simplest but is actually the most important part of the four phases since it mainly identifies the problem that is supposed to be solved (Dandy, 2008, p. 89). The design thinking needs a team or business to always have query of the brief as well as the problem that needs to be addressed and participating in the definition of the opportunity and the revision of the opportunity before starting on its creation and implementation. The participation typically encompasses engagement and the extreme cross-examination of the filters that have been utilized in the definition of the problem. As far as design thinking is concerned, observation is at the centre of the process and the observation has the ability to tell the difference between what the people actually do and what they are perceived to be doing (Meinel and Leifer, 2011, p. 163). Getting out of the cube and being involved in the procedures involved, the product shopping experience or the operational theatre is essential and therefore needs a lot of attention. When it comes to the definition of the problem, design thinking also needs cross-functional insight that is directed at each of the problems by the various views and also a regular and persistent questioning the same way that a small child would do. This should go on until the basic answers are established and the fundamental underlying issues are recognized and revealed. The definition of the issue by means of design thinking needs the deferment of judgment when arriving at the definitions of the problem statement whereby the

Design Strategy of Obamas Campaign

Design Strategy of Obamas Campaign Introduction To what extent did the design strategy of Obamas campaign contribute to his mass popularity and victory in 2008 followed by a radial shift in public opinion by the end of 2010? Research methods Interview the creative director of the campaign to gain a concise overview of what was required of the design team. Find out any specific communication strategies that might have been imposed on them and explore the reasons behind their design choices (colors, fonts, use of imagery, layouts etc). Investigate if any strategic marketing techniques were used to promote Obama the same way a mass consumption product would be sold. Research all journals, dissertations and articles relating to the topic of political campaign strategies, design strategies, and communication techniques. Search news articles for pundit reviews and opinions of campaign success and current backlash. Conduct a thorough analysis of the Designing Obama book that contains the entire design strategy used by Scott Thomas. Limitations of study Due to the fact that this is a very recent event the amount of detailed and concise publications based on the topic are scarce. The bulk of the research will have to rely on Internet sources of news articles, pundit blogs and a search for relevant dissertations published by the academic community. Organization of the dissertation To what extent did the design strategy of Obamas campaign contribute to his mass popularity and victory in 2008 followed by a radial shift in public opinion by the end of 2010? Answered via the following arguments: Social landscape of America conducive to political advertising Cult of personality formation via harnessing of mass media Misleading and subliminal influence of design Expectations of the public too high from ambiguous and contradictory communication Main Body Setting the scene America in 2008 was not the beacon of hope it had once been. There was rising unemployment and a financial crisis that had brought the countrys economy crashing down. Poverty was increasing rapidly and people were loosing homes due to foreclosures. The country was massively unhappy that America was still participating in the Afghanistan conflict and to top it all, there had been 8 years under the Bush administration that had seen its lowest approval ratings of all time (below 40%). Running parallel to this was an America that had become so utterly saturated by marketing that this was one of the only facets of communication people would respond to (research to prove this?). Describe the average american experience? (how often they see ads, how well they respond). The huge obsession with celebrity culture in combination with the growing global social networks had made it too easy to give rise to a cult of personality. America was begging for change at this point, which left them susceptible to intelligent marketing and design strategies. It was against this backdrop that in the run up to the 2008 Presidential Election support and enthusiasm for Obama was increasing at a dramatic rate culminating in a frenzy by the time of his victory and inauguration in January 2009. Building trust through consistent design From the very beginning of the campaign the design team knew they would have to subdue the public perception of Obamas inexperience via his visual presentation. The strategy used was to implement the timelesshes already president feel (vimeo) into his brand image. The use of consistency was vital as one thing that design can solve with consistency is [to] establisha sense of balanceit can also reallygive the visual impression that hes incredibly experienced. (vimeo). fig1. Expert use of consistency in the visual communication makes Obama seem organized, experienced and competent. Thomas (2010, p. 78) Because of their evocative power, design and branding elements can create a stable bond between voters and the candidatewe wanted to elicit the feeling that he was a familiar figure whose attributes and values they could relate to and trust. Talk about logo, consistent branding, Thomas (2010) You can use good design and to a certain degree it blurs the lines a bit. Another strategy to distract from Obamas inexperience was to emphasize how historic the campaign was. Rather than simply stating this in the communication the entire aesthetic was designed around old archival materials. We wanted to pull from imagery of the past to communicate the historic nature of the campaign (vimeo). fig2. Certain information was designed using real historical documents found in local archives for an authentic vintage feel. This strategy not only highlighted the importance of the campaign but also using imagery that resembled historical documents, like the original declaration of independence, elicited a sense of patriotism and American sentiment, which could have a strong subliminal effect. Obamas cult of personality A cult of personality arises when an individual uses mass media, propaganda, or other methods, to create an idealized and heroic public image (Wikipedia, 2008). By the end of Obamas campaign it was clear that this was beginning to become reality. Imagery of Obama appeared in galleries, on billboards and around the city as street art or graffiti, the vast majority of it in full support of him. In addition there were huge varieties of Obama merchandise being sold by independent street vendors all over the country. Social networks were buzzing with his name, independent bloggers were watching his every move and grassroots events, using the same Obama visual design for flyers and posters, were happening on a daily basis. Even though the visual tapestry of Obama that had been weaved across the country was a collaborative effort from hundreds of individual contributors outside the reach of brand control, it still maintained high levels of visual consistency. This was due to the highly effi cient and transparent branding principles that required only the use of the Obama logo and typeface to make any visual production appear part of the overall marketing strategy. To a rock solid and seasoned democratic or republican supporter the choice of political candidate would still have been easy. But for a younger or less convicted voter with no solid viewpoint (research suggests there are more and more of these people) they could be susceptible to communication based on persuasion in which voters, lacking enduring political convictions, are induced to support a particular candidate or party at election time. (Swanson, 2004). This would be particularly effective given the cult of personality bestowed upon Obama by the media coverage of him and from his rock star status fuelled by regular endorsements from celebrities and musicians. fig3. Obama featured in a music video by the black eyed peas that turned his slogan into an anthem It is possible that due to this Obama frenzy it had become fashionable to be an Obama supporter and the thought of not voting for a candidate that was fresh, young, creative, energetic, and whose very ideals were adorning the city, seemed worthy of ridicule. Cause youll be real embarrassed if he won and you wasnt down with it. (Chris Rock) Leverage of technology to increase reach Vote for Obama making the voting process easy should in practice enable all the people with clear convictions to vote for the candidate they know they want. In reality it allows undecided voters to choose a candidate they may not really believe in but vote anyway via peer pressure, cult of personality, ease of use wht not? This results in inaccurate assumptions of public opinion being drawn from the poll. Transparency of brand all brand assets available for download so anyone can create visuals that resemble the official Obama brand material. This creates a sense of solidarity with the brand. And the subsequent result is an impression that the brand is literally everywhere as the entire grassroots movement is branded and appears to be part of the overall design strategy. Boundary destruction versatility of the logo allows it to be tailored to any group who want to be associated with Obama or simply show their support. The broken boundaries create a sense of solidarity and add to the impression of world wide brand saturation. A False Revolution In order to allow the global community of artists to contribute, the campaign team initiated the Artists For Obama poster series. According to Thomas (2010, p. 127) [the] idea was to invite artists to participate in the creation of a new kind of campaign poster, one that would be the expression of the individual artist rather than a reiteration of campaign materials. The first contribution to this initiative was a poster by Shepard Fairey and to many, his invitation seemed counter intuitive. He is a well-known street artist who has built his fame on defacing public buildings and creating work with huge anti-establishment connotations. His campaign poster has been deemed the most iconic image of Obama ever created, yet its unclear if the visual of Obama above the word HOPE was intended to be ironic. fig4. A contrast between Shepard Faireys previous anti-establishment aesthetic and the Obama poster. To most people this poster symbolized the revolution that was coming but considering the lost enthusiasm following Obamas presidency the question is if this powerful image created a false anticipation of revolution in the minds of the American people. Thomas (2010) Ive kind of heard that tone, whereShepard Faireys posterhad this very anti-establishment aesthetic that could have played into the minds of those that thought this was going to be a revolutionchanging Washington DC from the inside out. Since the Obama frenzy has subsided it is clear that the revolution people were hoping for hasnt happened. In an interview with the National Journal, Shepard Fairey commented on his plan to contribute work to help Obama in 2012 but stated he couldnt design the same Hope poster today, because the spirit of the Obama campaign hasnt carried over to the Obama presidency. (Madhani, 2010). Misleading and subliminal imagery In June 2008 the Obama design team created a seal to be displayed on his lectern that very closely resembled the Presidential seal. This caused controversy in the media and when Steven Heller ask Scott Thomas to name the most heated design battle of the campaign Thomas brought up the infamous à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“presidential seal debacle (Kessler, B. 2008). fig5. Obama in front of the controversial custom presidential seal with Latin slogan saying yes we can. Imagery such as Obama standing in front of a presidential looking seal before he is president can have subtle subliminal effects. It implies that he has already won before the election has taken place and can be a powerful persuasive device if used strategically. Sol Sender, the designer of the Obama logo suggested although the presidential seal was used by the campaign only briefly,  seeing Obama-the-candidate standing behind that familiar regal  eagle had a lingering effect  in the minds of voters (Kessler, B. 2008). In addition to this the voters have been subject to rock solid consistency in the visual communication that has solidified the Obama brand deep in their subconscious minds. Ambiguous communication From the outset of the campaign the three keywords used to inspire the nation were Hope, Change and Progress, which were the three ideas that the American people were so desperately seeking in 2008 Thomas (2010, p. 78)our strategy would not have worked if Obamas message hadnt rung so true and hadnt resonated so deeply with the American public. These words however inspiring are somewhat ambiguous unless the exact implementation of each is explained but this was rarely the case when used by Obama. Regardless of this, they became woven into the visual language of the campaign to the point that the word Hope had become synonymous with Obama. A news reporter commented about an Obama rally he witnessed Obama almost never got into specifics. It was change, change, save the country, change, yes we can, change (Wendel, J. 2008). people are VERY focused on Obama and dont really know much about what he stands for(Wendel, J. 2008). Conclusion Where are we now? A downward spiral of disappointment, anger and lost enthusiasm swiftly followed and continued to the end of 2010. Senate elections in November saw the Republicans taking back the House, and many of Obamas policies of Change were rejected by the American public (most notably the healthcare reform suffered a 59% opposition). In addition to this, his approval rating had fallen from 65% in 2009 to 45% in 2010. The reason for such a huge turnaround in public opinion after Obamas monumental success can be attributed to two possibilities. Either the American public developed and overzealous expectation of Obama and his intentions based on the strategic design of the campaign, or they were not as open to change as they seemed to imply. Either way it is clear that something must have caused this huge inversion to occur. Talk about how it is clear that design contributed to both a distorted view of what the public really wanted and how Obama was perceived to be something more than he actually was in reality. There were many Americans seduced by the feel good Madison Avenue campaign of Obama, but the trouble with hype is that after all the BS, you must be able to produce something, four years is a long time to run on hype'(flopping aces) Independents and Democrats are admitting to themselves that the Obama image [created] is nothing more than an allusion that they wanted to believe, against common sense. (flopping aces) the campaigns are now so intricate and so all consuming that the ability it takes to win a campaign is not the same skill set to govern and are we raising a generation of leaders that can win campaigns but not adequately govern? (john steward, daily show).

Ambrose Bierces Chickamauga Essay example -- Ambrose Bierce Chickamau

Ambrose Bierce's Chickamauga Ambrose Bierce’s short story, "Chickamauga," scrutinizes American values, specifically, America’s identifying with the natural world. Bierce is critical of the American association with divine destiny, which has manifested itself throughout history in the form of John Winthrop’s â€Å"City upon a hill† speech, the notion of the â€Å"white man’s burden,† and Manifest Destiny. American history, in the scope of the short story, is one of perceived â€Å"rightly† subjugation of others. Bierce satirizes this philosophy by use of the child as a manifestation of American values that are eventually shown to be feeble and weak. The opening paragraph summarizes American history in abstract terms: â€Å"It was happy in a new sense of freedom from control, happy in the opportunity of exploration and adventure; for this child’s spirit, in bodies of its ancestors, had for thousands of years been trained to memorable feats of discovery and conquest† (455). The diction Bierce uses conveys a sense of warmongering and that war and conquest is what brings about â€Å"memorable feats.† The ever expanding frontier, the cross-continental explorations, and the colonizing of the West, though, are all described by Bierce in terms of a mirthful child going to play in the woods unabated and â€Å"unobserved† (Ibid). Bierce undermines the notion that American conquests in the past were grand exploits of a privileged and godly people. Bierce also uses hyperbole in describing the child’s playing in the woods. Though the child is merely playing war in his mind, Bierce describes him as â€Å"a mightier conqueror† and â€Å"the mightiest† (Ibid). This diction of grandeur is juxtaposed with the rabbit scaring the child away: â€Å"With a startled cry the child... ...nquest do not give triumph to one nation and defeat for another, but instead bring about defeat for all. Thus, Bierce satirizes American culture and the popular beliefs of destiny and natural superiority associated with his time. American history is shown to be nothing more than a deaf and mute child roaming in the wilderness playing war games. The arrogant notion of superiority is described as feeble and ultimately destructive. Bierce calls upon Americans to view themselves with a kind of humility toward the natural world and its it place inside of it; no longer should Americans see themselves as privileged, instead, they should become humbled. Works Cited Bierce, Ambrose. "Chickamauga." The Heath Anthology of American Literature Volume C Late Nineteenth Century 1865-1910. Ed. Suzanne P. Weir. Boston, New York: Houghton Mifflin Company, 2006. 455-459.

Short Paragraph on Plastic Money

WHAT IS PLASTIC MONEY? Plastic money are the alternative to the cash or  the standard ‘Money'.Plastic money is the generic term for  all types of  bank cards, credit cards, debit cards, smart cards, etc.DEFINITION The â€Å"plastic† portion of this term refers to the plastic construction of credit cards, as opposed to paper and metal of currency. The money portion is an erroneous reference to credit cards as a form of money, which they are not. Although credit cards do facilitate transactions, because they are a liability rather than an asset, they are not money and not part of the economy’s money supply. INTRODUCTIONPaper money was first used in China around the seventh century AD, only to be outlawed in 1455. The use of folding currency re-emerged in England in 1694. The biggest  problem which was occurring with the paper note is the wear; the paper note has very small life due to shifting of ownership by time to time and their usage. Firstly Australia was the first who develop the plastic note which have longer life but after wore they are recycled for further utilizing. The plastic notes also secure the government for copying  because paper note easily copied but plastic note cannot be copied.PLASTIC MONEY OR POLYMER MONEY WAS FIRST INTRODUCED IN 1950SThe plastic note are same as paper but the only difference is that they are made of plastic and more secured but in traveling and shopping people used to carry huge cash which was very unsecured and also increasing crime rate. Then the cards are introduced in the world to resolve the issue of carrying huge cash. Then the cards ar e known as Plastic Money. The usage of plastic money(Cards) has increased in the mode of payment of huge amount and time by time there are lots of different types of plastic money has introduced which enhanced the features of plastic money like we can use it to anywhere in the world and etc.Now the world is becoming globalize so every card is accepted everywhere with the power of VISA which interconnect the  different countries. As we have the different type of card as listed below:Credit CardDebit CardCharge CardAmex  CardMasterCard ; VisaSmart CardDinners  Club  CardPhoto CardGlobal  CardCo-branded  CardAffinity  CardAdd-on Card.These cards are performing the function of money with different ways. These cards are accepted worldwide, in which you can utilize your own money and also bank’s money. The card through which you spend your own money is known as debit card.The card through which you spend the amount of bank as loan is called credit card. 1. Credit card s  and  debit cards  as an alternative to  cash. People prefer using  plastic money  as it reduces chances of being misused The  plastic money  brought in a lot of joy to every American home, buy today and pay later, seemed to have worked wonders for some time. Although it is easy to be careless using a credit card, the  plastic moneycan be useful for more important purchases.CREDIT CARDSOne of the most important financial tools in modern times is the credit card. Their uses in varied places are opening up new avenues of personal finance.People prefer using  plastic  money  as it reduces chances of being misused. The use of credit cards operates on a complex network that ensures safety of the user. Many websites are enabling credit card processing for increasing their client base. Online business is booming. Credit card processing has enabled consumers to purchase items without moving out of their houses. To be able to accept credit cards has taking online bu siness to another level. Credit card processing is now deemed as the key to successful online business. The primary function of credit card processing is to accept credit cards.The online business efficiency is also increased manifold. Payment procedures are automated through credit card processing. When a website owner is able to accept credit cards, he is making  money  transactions for his customers and himself easier. The experience of buying online has never been so simple. Gone are the days when one had to place orders over the telephone or use checks for payments. Now, all one needs to do is enter the details of his/her credit card and the rest is handled by the credit card processing service providers. Credit card processing has been able to save a lot of time and energy.Online business operates 24Ãâ€"7. Consumers from all time zones avail the products and services of online business. Credit card processing has rendered this simpler. Being able to accept credit cards ha s made it possible to transact 24 hours a day virtually. Automation has proved to be a contributing factor in the success of online business. Credit card processing has given online business owners freedom from sitting at the desk constantly to monitor the transfer ofmoney. Online business owners need to have an online merchant account to be able to accept credit cards from consumers.This service is needed for processing all the orders. Various kinds of online merchant account providers are available to cater to the different kinds of online business needing credit card processing. The changes of online merchant accounts may vary from the number of payments to monthly payments. The constant competition of the various service providers and the launch of new service providers are expected to pull down the rates in the near future. Online business owners should consider the reliability, the customer support system and security of the credit card processing service providers before they zero in on one of them.Choosing the cheapest service provider is not always a wise decision. Free credit card processing services are also available. These are meant for newcomers in online business. Website owners have to go through verification of the credit card number, its expiry date and other details after they accept credit cards. Beginners have to pay a nominal amount for every transaction and enjoy the services. They do not need to purchase costly credit card processing software or pay huge fees for customer services like regular credit card processing services.A good amount of research is needed to know about the best service providers. Did you find this article useful? For more useful tips and hints, points to ponder and keep in mind, techniques, and insights pertaining to computer Virus, do please browse for more information at our websites. Dinner It is not until 1950 that the Dinner Club Card was created by a restaurant patron who forgot his wallet and realized there needed to be an alternative to cash only. This started the first credit card specifically for widespread use, even though it was primarily used for entertainment and travel expenses.

Free Essays on The Winter Sundays

â€Å"† â€Å"The Winter Sundays† is a poem we have recently read in class. I understood many concepts from reading this piece. We also held many class discussions on it to help better out understands and hear other point of views on the poem. The poem is about a boy who lived his life poorly and is now about thirty years older and looking back. Robert Hayden grew up in Texas, around the 1960's. Robert is reiterating to the reader how his life was when he was a young kid. The life style he had was of a poor families life. He wished he could have the things the surrounding children had around him, and usually questioned why he didn’t. The speakers father had a great role in why the family had the kind of life style they did. it was not done purposely but he could not do much. Roberts father worked hard and came across many hardships. He nonstop worked, and didn’t have much time for much else. He wasn’t around enough to enjoy the bringing up of his own children. With some families today it is still the same way. Some families are not as fortunate as others and have to like a life even under the middle class. There is nothing wrong with that kind of life style. There are many ways people can get out of living like that. Main example, and this was talking about in class, is education. Not too many people realize how important education is. Robert didn’t realize how hard his father had to work just to keep everyone alive and in check. As a young, naive, misunderstanding child it is hard to grasp why someone has to live the way they do. The father had to sacrifice many good times for work. Leisure time with the family usually is a must amongst families. Some parents can’t afford to give that to their loved ones, due to hard work. Having to work hard can be a result of many things. The father might not have been well educated, could not be given a better job due to ethnicity, etc. Roberts father has endu... Free Essays on The Winter Sundays Free Essays on The Winter Sundays â€Å"† â€Å"The Winter Sundays† is a poem we have recently read in class. I understood many concepts from reading this piece. We also held many class discussions on it to help better out understands and hear other point of views on the poem. The poem is about a boy who lived his life poorly and is now about thirty years older and looking back. Robert Hayden grew up in Texas, around the 1960's. Robert is reiterating to the reader how his life was when he was a young kid. The life style he had was of a poor families life. He wished he could have the things the surrounding children had around him, and usually questioned why he didn’t. The speakers father had a great role in why the family had the kind of life style they did. it was not done purposely but he could not do much. Roberts father worked hard and came across many hardships. He nonstop worked, and didn’t have much time for much else. He wasn’t around enough to enjoy the bringing up of his own children. With some families today it is still the same way. Some families are not as fortunate as others and have to like a life even under the middle class. There is nothing wrong with that kind of life style. There are many ways people can get out of living like that. Main example, and this was talking about in class, is education. Not too many people realize how important education is. Robert didn’t realize how hard his father had to work just to keep everyone alive and in check. As a young, naive, misunderstanding child it is hard to grasp why someone has to live the way they do. The father had to sacrifice many good times for work. Leisure time with the family usually is a must amongst families. Some parents can’t afford to give that to their loved ones, due to hard work. Having to work hard can be a result of many things. The father might not have been well educated, could not be given a better job due to ethnicity, etc. Roberts father has endu...

Leisure Time Activities Essays

Leisure Time Activities Essays Leisure Time Activities Essay Leisure Time Activities Essay Leisure time activities Leisure time activities are Acting Archery Astronomy Bell ringing Betting Bicycling Bird watching Bowling Canoeing car maintenance CB radio Chess Cinema Crosswords Dancing Darts do it yourself Driving Eating out Fishing Football Gardening gliding hang gliding hare coursing health spas horse riding hunting ice skating jogging Knitting motor racing mountain climbing etc How to avoid doing negative work in leisure time Some people misuse their leisure. They would either pass it in sleeping,  playing cards, idle gossip, listening to the radio, or at the most in visiting the  pictures. They are all passive activities-activities in which they do nothing and which do not at all require any use of their brains. Therefore, such people feel bored and instead of wishing for more of leisure, wish for less of it. To avoid this they should do something creative which makes them active. Use of leisure activities The spending of leisure rightly is an art, and a difficult art. It must be spent in activities which require some, â€Å"doing, some acting, some use of the brain. The correct way of passing leisure is to acquire culture, to make and contemplate beautiful things. During  holidays, one may go out on picnics, as is done in the west, and thus get an opportunity of enjoying the beauty and freshness of nature. Picnics are  health  giving and provide the much needed change so essential for  health  and well-being. They refresh the mind and make it forget for the time being the prosaic cares and worries of this sorry life of ours. They provide the much needed touch of poetry in ones life. They increase efficiency and send back a man to his work with greater enthusiasm and  energy. Advantages of leisure activities: Relief from stress and boredom. It can help promote not only better emotional health but physical health as well. A feeling of control. Job or school demands might not give us that freedom. Enhanced communication skills and self-esteem. Shy or introverted people can benefit from group activities that are based on shared interests. Wider horizons. You can meet new people, learn new things and gain valuable perspective. A positive teaching model for children, who often learn better by example than by words alone. Your own behavior in group or family activities helps teach your children about: o Communication with others o Relationships with all kinds of people o Socially acceptable behavior o Negotiation and cooperation o Feelings and emotions o Listening o Playing o Reading habits o Your values

United States Green Building Council Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

United States Green Building Council - Essay Example The researcher aims to provide an analysis on the topic of green building aspects, that can be traced back to the 19th century. Various architects are seen to have used variuos methods to decrease the impact of structure on the environment. Such systems and methods include ventilators and underground air-cooling chambers in order to regulate air temperature. In the 20th century buildings like New York times and Flatron Building used deep-set windows in controlling interior temperatures, these were effective and lessened the impact of the building on the environment. The USGBC, that is a main focus of this analysis was co-founded in 1993 by Mike Italiano, David Gottfried and Rick Fedrizzi in order to promote the design and construction of buildings that are environmentally responsible, profitable, and healthy places to live and work in. the goals of USBC are well articulated in its mission statement. The researcher also aims to describe Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (L EED), that can be described as a system for designing, constructing and certifying green buildings, homes and neighborhoods. It has a classification system that rate buildings depending on the number of points that a building scores on this scale. The researcher then concluds that today, LEED is used by a number of people including professionals such as architects, real estate professionals, property managers, interior designers, Landscape architects, construction managers, lenders and government officials.

Letter to an Extra-Terrestrial Alien Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Letter to an Extra-Terrestrial Alien - Essay Example So, he asked help from the king and queen of Spain who eventually agreed to support him. During his search, he accidentally found land which he thought was Asia but was really the Caribbean islands as they are called now. Columbus eventually made three more trips to the â€Å"New World† and established a settlement on one of the islands. He was made Governor but his abusive rule caused the loss of his reputation, title and wealth. Hernando Cortes or Cortes also came from Spain but his expedition brought him to Mexico. Here, Cortes built a settlement and made friends with the inhabitants, people called the Aztecs. The natives thought that Cortes was part of a prophecy and so they accepted him warmly. Later on, the two groups disagreed with each other. While Cortes was away to fight another Spanish group who was trying to capture him, the Aztec revolted in the capital, Tenochtitlan and eventually the Spanish left the city. In 1521, Cortes and his men returned to Tenochtitlan, conquered the Aztecs and established a new settlement which is now known as Mexico. As you may have noticed when Columbus and Cortez came to the â€Å"New World† there were already people living on the islands. It is believed that groups of people called the Paleo-Indians were already inhabitants of the â€Å"New World† before the Europeans came. The Paleo-Indians were hunters. There are two theories of how they came to America. One is that they supposedly followed mammoths, their source of food, using a land bridge when the sea level was very low. Another theory is that they came using very primitive boats. Either way, this theory is the most commonly used explanation now for the discovery of America. So, people from Europe started to come and live here in America with the natives. Among these was a group supported by the Virginia Company of London. The group arrived at Cape Henry and explored the area of Chesapeake Bay. Part of the people who

Sandra Esther Scott, New York City Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Sandra Esther Scott, New York City - Essay Example I am enthusiastic to achieve further professional development. For my future enhancement, I am looking to inculcate skills that will help me in future growth-oriented professional life and also in achieving the desired objectives of life. I am looking forward to developing my career in the Administrative Department and to achieve a higher position. I am willing to grow within the framework of the organization by developing skills which will not only provide a boost to my professional life but also will lead me to a position where I want to see myself within the next few years (the University of Virginia, â€Å"Career Objective Recommended Reading†). I use my scientific and human relation skills as a manager of the New York Office Administrative Department to manage all the affairs internally as well as externally to build positive relations with the clients and co-workers. I ensure the smooth running of operations in the office. I also manage a wide variety of responsibilities irrespective of the work being small or large in the organization. I have the negotiation skills and the aptitude to scrutinize and supervise work performed by other personnel with the intention of it being accomplished on time, within the financial plan and also meeting high excellence standards. I am well versed with the technical aspects in the office and am familiar with various computer software packages as it helps in better result oriented presentation and written proposals. I have acquired a strong written communication skill with effective oral communication skill that helps to cooperate and interact with several diverse individuals in a professional manner (Domkowski, & Saunders, â€Å"Creating a Career Objective†). Presently I am working with Equity Trades Investment Bank as a manager in New York Office Administrative Department with all the responsibilities as a manager.

Managerial Accounting Case Analysis Essay Example for Free

Managerial Accounting Case Analysis Essay Compare assigned costs per product under both methods. Why has Activity-based costing changed the total costs assigned to each product? By comparing the two cost assigned methods, there are some differences existed: Unit Product Cost:| Gadgets| Smidgets| Smadgets| Smadgets| Traditional Costing Method| 400| 1,000| 1,350| 850| Activity-Based Costing Method| 590| 1,100| 760| 1,250| Overhead Cost| Widgets| Gadgets| Smidgets| Smadgets| Traditional Costing Method| 200,000| 600,000| 800,000| 400,000| Activity-Based Costing Method| 390,000| 600,000| 210,000| 800,000| I deduct the main reason for that are: Traditional Costing Method use the Overhead Rate (200% of direct labor) and the Activity-Base Costing Method just use the Overhead Cost Drives. As for Traditional Costing Method, the company just accumulate costs into a cost center (Three kinds of costs: director material, director labor, Manufacturing Overhead) , and the Manufacturing overhead just equals the director labor multiply by 200% , the Overhead Rate. These three kind of costs added together we got the total cost, and the total cost divided by the each unit built, we get the final unit product cost, I think it is a rough calculating process. The result depends on the direct labor hours and regardless of any other elements, if direct labor dose not account for a larger portion of the product, the result will not be accurate. In terms of Activity-based costing method, the company use Overhead Cost Drives (There are three allocation bases in the ABC method: depreciation, machine set-up and rent). The Overhead expense just use cost drivers (Such as Machine hours, Set-up hours and Rent) to apply the costs on the products. On the basis of these three, we can get the Overhead cost drive’s Pool Rate, and we also get the actual Cost Driver Quantity for Product Line, and finally we can know what is the exact Activity Cost for Product Line with respect products, finally, we got the total ABC Overhead cost for the three products. So I think this allocating process is more accurate, because it use the Cost drives into different part in detail.

Essay --

Daniel Urbina Mr. LaVigne English 101 (WC 1110) 4 October 2013 Symbolizing Savagery In William Golding's Lord of the Flies, symbolism is portrayed throughout the novel and impacts the story in such a way that it sculpts almost the entire theme. The boys who are stranded on the island come in contact with many unique elements that Golding uses to symbolize ideas or concepts. Each boy represents a specific element of society, and each object Golding presents throughout the novel also has particular importance to the novel. Through the use of symbols such as the beast, the pig's head, and even Piggy's specs, Golding demonstrates that humans, when liberated from society's rules and taboos, allow their natural capacity for evil to dominate their existence. One of the most important symbols in Lord of the Flies is the also what gives the novel its name, the pig head. Golding's description of the slaughtered animal head on a sharpened spear is very graphic and even frightening. The pig head is depicted as "dim-eyed, grinning faintly, blood blackening between the teeth," (Golding 137) and the obscenity is swarmed with a "black blob of flies" that "tickled under his nostrils" (Golding 138). As a result of this detailed, striking image, the reader becomes aware of the great evil and darkness on the island that the pig head represents. When Simon begins to converse with the seemingly inanimate, devil-like pig head, the source of that wickedness is revealed. Even though the conversation may be entirely a hallucination, Simon learns that the beast, which has long since frightened the other boys on the island, is not an external force. In fact, the head of the severed pig tells him, "Fancy thinking the beast was something you could hunt and k. .. ...d thump of living things," Piggy's specs are stolen, leaving him virtually blind (Golding 167). Meanwhile, Jack returns to Castle Rock, "trotting steadily, exulting in his achievement," as he has practically abandoned all ties to his previous civilized life (Golding 168). Although there are plenty of other allegories important to the book, the symbols that represent the most drastic changes are the beast, the pig head, and Piggy’s specs. The beast symbolizes the inborn savage nature within all of mankind, and shows that this evil will prevail no matter what. Piggy’s specs represent science, civilization, and order, but are destroyed due to the overpowering evil in the boys. Golding clearly uses the novel Lord of the Flies to project the unfortunate truth that evil is present within all of humanity, and if let loose, will destroy anything that tries to suppress it.

correctional officer Essay -- essays papers

correctional officer CAREER RESEARCH REPORT The career I have chosen to pursue after graduation is a Correctional Officer. Correctional Officer’s have been around for a very long time and were designed to keep major offenders off the street after they have been arrested by the Police. The offenders are put in a holding cell at a Pre Trial Centre awaiting their court date. Correctional Officers are a very important part of the Justice System because it keeps high profile criminals off the street and locked up even before they are proven innocent or guilty. The Correctional Facility in many ways is a lot like a jail, from what I saw when I toured the new Pre Trial Centre in Port Coquitlam. There are large thick metal doors to lock them in at night. Each cell contains a small bed, a desk and shelf, a sink and a toilet. The one thing I found interesting was at the new Pre Trial Facility in Port Coquitlam each cell had a window, which I thought was a little too much for criminals but I guess they are innocent until proven guilty. As this is a NEW facility and it has some nicer things than the older centres. A typical day for a Correctional Officer would be the preparing of inmates for court appearances. They also receive new inmates to the facility brought in by the Sheriffs Department. Each new inmate must be photographed and fingerprinted upon immediate arrival to the Pre Trial Centre. They are then stripped and fully searched inside and out. With that ...

Analysis Of Pregnancy And Childbirth Health And Social Care Essay

Pregnancy and childbearing dramas important function in female parents ‘ lives. The birth of babe brings assorted emotions of joyful clip, and besides it brings tremendous alterations in physical and psychological facets of adult females ( CMHA, 2010 ) . Adjustments of these alterations puts adult females to be susceptible of holding anxiousness, fright, unhappiness, hopelessness and feeling of ineptitude, which are foundations of depression ( CMHA, 2010 ) . Such feelings of depression symptoms may take into a mild depression – which is called babe blues and tends to travel off in shorter period of clip ( 3-5 yearss ) ( CMHA, 2010 ) . However, if the mild depression left untreated, continuity of depressive symptoms turns intoA terrible type of postpartum depression ( PPD ) which interferes with female parent ‘s ability to take attention of ego, her bond and fond regard with kid, every bit good as puts strain on the household ( Edhbrog, Friberg, Lundh, and Widstrom, 2005 ) . The strength and grade of a adult female ‘s get bying responseA may be influenced by feeling of failure, guilt, hurt, concerns, solitariness, uncertainness, and unrealized outlooks ( Edhbrog et al. , 2005 ) . Therefore, the purpose of this scholarly paper is to an analysis of a wellness issue ( PPD ) by utilizing four different equal reviewed articles to back up the grounds of how increasing depressive symptoms, deficiency of societal support and low economic position can do break in wellness of kid denudation and kid rise uping household which can be prevented with the aid of wellness attention supplier ( nurse ) by utilizing proper intercession to advance better wellness attention. Second foremost factors in PPD impacting wellness of households are deficiency of societal support web which has important consequence on the female parents to obtain expected support from society, household, relations and friends. The handiness of societal support is an of import variable in easing a female parent ‘s load and taking to better accommodation to the new demands made on her ( Benoit, Westfall, Treloar, Phillips, & A ; Jansson, 2007 ) . However, in some civilization male childs are consider as inheriting the household ‘s belongings and wealth, where misss are consider as decreasing a adult female ‘s position and a menace to her felicity in the PPD ( Bina, 2008 ) . Harmonizing to article three, during PPD, the importance of societal support differs chiefly depending on female parents ‘ cultural background such as: an association between ‘gender bind ‘ is an illustration, in which gender of the kid culturally desired before the baby is b orn ( Bina, 2008 ) . If the expected desire does non fit with the outlook of the civilization, it greatly affects the societal support given to the female parent from the household and society by cut downing importance of her position in household. At the same clip, when society frissons at the household ; comparative, friends, household every bit good as spouse besides feels ashamed and creates maltreatment and hatred towards female parent for giving birth to a miss in which female parent may meet feelings of weakness, isolation and depression rupture the bond between female parent and baby ( Bina, 2008 ) . Sometimes, female parents who give birth to the twins ( one babe male child and other babe miss ) tends to hold more depression because fostering one kid ( male child ) more kindly than other kid ( miss ) affects the developmental growing of the kid ( Bina, 2008 ) . Furthermore, sufficient societal support mechanisms such as community groups, churches, and school or sports-relat ed activities, can move as a barrier against negative thought and allow female parents who are prone to depression, in order to do better, more positive picks and prosecute in healthy kid development ( Bina, 2008 ) . Therefore, female parents frequently suffer from function strain over conflicting and overpowering duties in their life, because of the tendency of society, desired expectancy and expected support shapes the wellness of kid bearing and kid rise uping households. The 3rd last, but non a least, factor in the PPD impacting the wellness of household is low economic position. It has been demonstrated in the article oneA that deficiency of employment of female parents due to the added duty of kid establishes greater hazard forA developing depression subsequently in life than those who are transientlyA hapless ( Benoit et al. , 2007 ) . Women populating in low-income households increases opportunity for force, deficiency of resources for aid, a survival attitude, poorer nutrition and general wellness, and lower opportunity of holding a good instruction for healthy nurturance of kid ( intervention for upset ) – all of these factors affect the wellness of single household members ( Benoit et al. , 2007 ) . For illustration, alterations in hours of employment due to the extra duty of kid and house jobs, low income addition comparison to more end product, consequences in higher degree of depressive symptoms. Overall low income in family can besi des do hard for female parent to fulfill the demands of babies and household which welcome the hazard factors of disease such as: high blood pressure, anemia, and anorexia nervosa ( Benoit et al. , 2007 ) . So, low income in household can do incapable of providing consistent child care. Thus, economic position dramas outstanding function particularly with the deficiency of societal support and increased in mental emphasis, financially non merely impacts the female parent but besides it has inauspicious consequence on the baby every bit good as the household. Furthermore, I as a function of nurse, it is significantly of import to construct up accurate intercessions schemes depending on badness and necessity, to eliminate the consequence of the postpartum depression happening in wellness of household by the aid of the nursing diagnosing. Get downing with, to stamp down the depressive symptoms in PPD would assist me as nurse to reflect on female parents ‘ ego construct to busy more in depth cognition of factors, effects and affects to see different state of affairs of single household with new lenses of attention ( Wang et al. , 2005 ) . It would besides assist me as a nurse to supply individualised, flexible, and non-pharmacological interventions attention based on badness degree and maternal penchant ( Wang et al. , 2005 ) . I, as a nurse would besides follow best pattern guideline for verification, bar, and intervention of female parents with depressive symptoms in the first postpartum twelvemonth. Traveling on towards supplying su fficient societal support can be done by directing towards available resources such as speaking therapies which will promote female parents to show their feelings and speaking on phone and cyberspace web based back uping groups will back up female parents straight from place ( RNAO, 2005 ) . In add-on, I as a nurse will besides turn connexion of female parent with cultural groups sing person ‘s belief and values to supply cultural sensitive attention. Last, to better the economic position of family-mother related to infant, I as a nurse would seek to increase the nexus of household with other members in society to heighten more societal support which will assist female parent and household to derive financially relief and sustain basic necessities for endurance ( Benoit et al. , 2007 ) . For illustration, doing household and female parent aware of economic support groups such as nutrient casts, public assistance aid will assist to relieve economic emphasis ( Benoit et al. , 20 07 ) . Therefore, through intercessions, I as a nurse, being cognizant of the effects and indispensable stairss to be taken to forestall and better wellness of kid bearing and kid rise uping households more expeditiously will impound the long term complication of PPD. Therefore, postnatal depression is mental wellness issue where it ‘s of import to acknowledge its features to originate appropriate early intercessions and cut down the long term affects on mother-child relationship every bit good as wellness of kid bearing and rise uping households. As facts mentioned in four article throughout the scholarly paper illustrates different intercessions, affects and symptoms used for the different factors of increasing depressive symptoms, deficiency of societal support and low economic position leads to hold negative result on interpersonal relationship between kid, female parent and within household. Harmonizing to the household system theory, alterations happening in one member influence the whole household ( Perry, Hockenberry, Lowdermilk, & A ; Wilson, 2010 ) . Similarly in order to concentrate on separate person in household the impact of beef uping the whole household will be greater than the amount of its parts ( Perry et al. , 2010 ) . Fu rthermore, three factors related to PPD are interrelated because economic emphasis was associated with depressive symptoms and appeared to exercise portion of its influence by cut downing societal support. As a consequence, minimising the PPD minimizes the impact of symptoms on female parents ‘ ability to nature her new born kid which will procure the attachment bond with baby and every bit good as societal support will let herself to be strengthen and beef uping her failing will better the overall wellness of kid bearing and rise uping households ( Benoit et al. , 2007 ) . Hence, PPD is disorder where there is n't any peculiar medicine for it, but there are interventions and schemes that can assist in decreasing this issue that is impacting about every kid bearing and rise uping households.

Definition and Examples of Cooperative Overlap

Definition and Examples of Cooperative Overlap In conversation analysis, the term cooperative overlap refers to a face-to-face interaction in which one speaker talks at the same time as another speaker to demonstrate an interest in the conversation. In contrast, an interruptive overlap is a competitive strategy in which one of the speakers attempts to dominate the conversation. The term cooperative overlap was introduced by sociolinguist Deborah Tannen in her book Conversational Style: Analyzing Talk Among Friends (1984). Examples and Observations [Patrick] had to wait another five minutes or so before his wife remembered he was there. The two women were  talking at the same time, asking and answering their own questions. They created a whirlwind of happy chaos.(Julie Garwood, The Secret. Penguin, 1992)Mama sat with Mama Pellegrini, the two of them talking so rapidly that their words and  sentences overlapped  completely. Anna wondered, as she listened from the parlor, how they could understand what each was saying. But they laughed at the same time and raised or lowered their voices at the same time.(Ed Ifkovic,  A Girl Holding Lilacs. Writers Club Press, 2002) Tannen on High Involvement Style One of the most striking aspects of high involvement style that I found and analyzed in detail was the use of what I called cooperative overlap: a listener talking along with a speaker not in order to interrupt but to show enthusiastic listenership and participation. The concept of overlap versus interruption became one of the cornerstones of my argument that the stereotype of New York Jews as pushy and aggressive is an unfortunate reflection of the effect of high involvement style in conversation with speakers who use a different style. (In my study I called the other style high considerateness).(Deborah Tannen, Gender and Discourse. Oxford University Press, 1994) Cooperation or Interruption? Cooperative overlap occurs when one interlocutor is showing her enthusiastic support and agreement with another. Cooperative overlap occurs when the speakers view silence between turns as impolite or as a sign of a lack of rapport. While an overlap may be construed as cooperative in a conversation between two friends, it may be construed as an interruption when between boss and employee. Overlaps and interrogative have different meanings depending on the speakers ethnicity, gender, and relative status differences. For example, when a teacher, a person of higher status, overlaps with her student, a person of lower status, typically the overlap is interpreted as an interruption.(Pamela Saunders, Gossip in an Older Womens Support Group: A Linguistic Analysis. Language and Communication in Old Age: Multidisciplinary Perspectives, ed. by Heidi E. Hamilton. Taylor Francis, 1999) Different Cultural Perceptions of Cooperative Overlap [T]he two-way nature of cross-cultural differences typically eludes participants in the throes of conversation. A speaker who stops talking because another has begun is unlikely to think, I guess we have different attitudes toward cooperative overlap. Instead, such a speaker will probably think, You are not interested in hearing what I have to say, or even You are a boor who only wants to hear yourself talk. And the cooperative overlapper is probably concluding, You are unfriendly and are making me do all the conversational work here... (Deborah Tannen, Language and Culture, in An Introduction to Language and Linguistics, ed. by R. W. Fasold and J. Connor-Linton. Cambridge University Press, 2000)

Analytic Geometry Essays - Analytic Geometry, Dimension, Free Essays

Analytic Geometry Essays - Analytic Geometry, Dimension, Free Essays Analytic Geometry Analytic geometry was brought fourth by the famous French mathematician Rene' Descartes in 1637. Descartes did not start his studying and working with geometry until after he had retired out of the army and settled down. If not for Descartes great discovery then Sir Isaac Newton might not have ever invented the concept of calculus. Descartes concept let to calculus and Newton and G.W. Leibniz would not be know as well as they are today if it were not for the famous mathematician Rene' Descartes. Analytic geometry is a, branch of geometry in which points are represented with respect to a coordinate system, such as Cartesian coordinates, and in which the approach to geometric problems is primarily algebraic. (Analytic Geometry) Analytic geometry is used to find distances, slopes, midpoints, and many many other things using special equations and formulas to determine what a person is looking for. Analytic geometry concentrates very much on algebra, generally, it is taught to students in algebra classes and becomes very helpful when being used in geometry. It is not very often when geometry is taught not using the algebra to solve the problems, unless proving statements, analytic geometry is used most often when speaking of geometry, it is the guidelines of geometry. It is a set way to find out answers to problems. There are many simple formulas to analytic geometry, but some of them get very complex and difficult. Analytic geometry is not only used in math, it is very common to see it being used in any kind of science, logic, and any other mathematical subjects. There are formulas in this form of mathematics in which the volume of a gas is measured, and other formulas along those lines (Encyclopedia.com). Some formulas and equations of analytic geometry are: The midpoint formula- (change in x/2, change in y/2) Distance formula- square root of (change in x) squared -(change in y) squared Formula for slope- (Change in y)/(Change in x) Formula for a line- y=mx+b where m is the slope of the line and b is the y intercept. Equation of a line- ax+by+c=0 (Fuller, Gordon) To find perpendicular lines you take to slope of each line and multiply them together, if the result is one then the lines are said to be perpendicular. To find parallel lines the Slope must be exactly the same. These are just some simple facts about analytic geometry, it actually can get very complicated. When finding out about parabolas and ellipse's it gets difficult, there are many difficult and extended formulas in analytic geometry (Fuller, Gordon 7, 12, 18). Obviously these are just a few examples and analytic geometry goes on much further than what you see in these formulas. There are so many geometric formulas and theorems that they are almost impossible to put in a list. Analytic geometry has been combined with many other branches of geometry, now there are some things that are hard to decide wheater to label them algebraic or otherwise. Analytic geometry is broken up into two sections, finding an equation to match points and finding points to match equations. (Geometry) There are many other kinds of geometry such as demonstrative geometry that involves measuring fields and right angles. The early Egyptians developed this kind of geometry when building. There is descriptive geometry that involves using shapes that do not change when moved, they are definite, defined shapes. Another is non-three- dimensional geometry that uses analytic and projective geometry to study four dimensional figures. All of these kinds of geometry are commonly used (Geometry). Analytic geometry is used every day, it is defiantly something that can be extremely helpful if learned. Analytic geometry is used in architecture, surveying, and even business. In business analytic geometry can be used to find the maximum profit that can be made from a sale or event. As with all skills that are generally learned, analytic geometry is a great thing to know. Even the simple things, the basics, are very helpful. This subject can be broken down into the simplest things, such as having to walk to say Wal-mart and knowing when you are about half way, that is taking the distance from the starting point to the destination and dividing it by two to find

The Effect of Global Warming on Thermohaline Circulation Essays

The Effect of Global Warming on Thermohaline Circulation Essays The Effect of Global Warming on Thermohaline Circulation Paper The Effect of Global Warming on Thermohaline Circulation Paper Studies have been conducted in recent years on the effects of increase of greenhouse gases on the thermopile circulation. There are several hypotheses that state that the prolonged effect Of global warming could eventually shut down the thermopile circulation and lead to cooling in certain regions in the North Atlantic Ocean. Several ocean-atmosphere models have been used to predict the effect of increase of carbon dioxide (a greenhouse gas) concentration on ocean circulation. Two such models are discussed and their results are analyzed. 1. Introduction [2] Global temperatures have seen a dramatic increase since the Industrial Revolution. Several climate models have projected an increase of between 1. 10 C to 6. 0 C in the global average temperature due to the continued effect of global warming (EPIC (2007)). Apart from the resulting adverse effect on global climate, increasing global temperatures may result in species extinction, changes in agricultural production, deleterious effects on health, rise in the sea level, reductions in the ozone layer and disruption in the ice shelf. Another possible outcome of global warming is what is now termed as the shutdown of the thermopile circulation. Wallace S. Broker, the man responsible for the term Global Conveyor Belt, called the thermopile recirculation the Achilles heel of our climate system (Broker, 1997). There is much research that focuses on the effect of greenhouse gases on ocean circulation. Two such models are discussed in future sections. Some research has shown that the transfer of heat from regions around the CEQ tutor to the poles is due to the thermopile circulation in the ocean. This implies that Europe does not have the same climate as the poles because of the thermopile circulation. The thermopile circulation therefore plays an important role in regulating the amount of sea ice in the Polar Regions. There re several schools of thought (Eager, Battista, Yin, Gordon, Nazi, Clement and Cane (2002)) that attribute this climate in Europe to its position with respect to the ocean basin and the warm atmospheric waves that blow up north from the tropics. Rhine and Hkeen (2003) challenged this claim. According to Rhine and Hacking, it is the existence of the oceanic heat transport that allows the maritime effect to operate in the northern North Atlantic and to create a milder European climate than in the North America; without the heat transport, ice would likely extend over much greater areas of ocean and land. Much research is currently focused on the role of ocean circulation in the supply of heat to Europe. 2. Thermopile Circulation [3] Ocean circulation is commonly divided into TV parts: the thermopile and the wind driven circulation. In other words, circulation in the oceans is partly due to wind stress, and also partly due to changes in density because of changes in temperature and salinity. The term thermopile originates from thermo for heat and haling for salt, which together determine the density of the water mass. [4] Thermopile circulation originates in pacific areas of the North Atlantic and in the Widely Sea of the Southern Ocean. In the North Atlantic, the evaporative cooling effect of winter is responsible for cooling the upper layers of seawater, increasing the salinity thereby increasing density and causing sinking. The sinking cool water is the North Atlantic Deep Water (NADIA). The denser NADIA flows southwards into the ocean basins. The bulk of the water peels in the Southern Ocean, while some of the deep water causes further upwelling in the North Pacific and Indian Oceans. This movement of the deep water forms a giant conveyor belt hat covers a large part of the open ocean (figure 1). The Gulf Stream, for example, which is largely driven by thermopile circulation, transports warm water from the Caribbean northwards. Figure 1: Thermopile Circulation (Source: Brakes, 1 992, figure 10. 1, p. 186, as taken from Kerr, 1988). 3. Global Warming [5] The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (EPIC), in February 2007, submitted a 21 -page report assessing the effect of global warming on global climate. The report stated that: most of the observed increase in globally averaged temperatures since the mid-20th century is very likely due to the observed increase in anthropogenic greenhouse gas concentrations. Emission of infrared radiation warms the Earth surface; the phenomenon is known as the Greenhouse Effect. The dominant infrared absorbing gases in the Earths atmosphere are water vapor, carbon dioxide (ICC) and ozone (03). The interactions between greenhouse gas molecules and radiation can be explained by quantum mechanics. ICC and 03 molecules have vibration motions whose quantum states can be excited by collisions at energies encountered in the atmosphere. Industrial activities, such as fossil fuel ruining and other human activities such as cement production and tropical deforestation has increased the carbon dioxide concentrations in the atmosphere. ICC is also a byproduct from automobiles, airplanes and building constructions. The importance of ICC as a greenhouse gas is very apparent and is therefore used as a parameter in determining the effects of global warming. 4. Review of models used to simulate the response of the Thermopile Circulation to increasing ICC [6] Several coupled ocean-atmosphere models have been used to simulate the response of ocean circulation to the increase in carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Mbabane and Stouffer (1993) conducted one such study; a coupled ocean-atmosphere model was used to simulate the increase of ICC in the atmosphere. Three integrations over a period of 500 years were conducted. In the first integration the atmospheric concentration of ICC was kept constant. The second and third integration involved increasing the atmospheric ICC at a rate of 1% per year, until it reached twice the original value at the 70th year (for the second integration) and four times the original value at the 14th year (for the third integration) and was maintained instant thereafter. The change in ICC concentration caused the gradual disappearance of the thermopile circulation while doubling and quadrupling the concentration of ICC Most notably, in the North Atlantic Ocean, the thermopile circulation nearly vanished during the first 200 years in the coccyx integration (the integration carried out while quadrupling the ICC concentration in the atmosphere). During the first 140 years of the coccyx integration, the thermopile circulation rapidly weakens and continues to do so even after the concentration of ICC is held constant. The integration also showed a decrease in the formation of Antarctic Bottom Water. The result of this integration shows that the gradual disappearance of the thermopile circulation leaves wind driven, shallow cells in the subtropics of the North and South hemisphere. Similar effects were observed in the coccyx integration. The thermopile circulation shows weakening intensity during the first 70 years of simulation, which continues until the 1 50th year, during which there is no change in the ICC concentration. But in the 50th year the thermopile circulation slowly begins to regain its original intensity, although not quite achieving it. 7] Mbabane and Stouffer concluded that the weakening of thermopile circulation in the coccyx integration is not due to its instability, but rather due to the adjustments made by the mechanism to the evolving density structure of the models Atlantic Ocean. This is apparent in the manner in which the circulation slowly regains strength in the later part of the coccyx integration. This does not happen in the coccyx integration, and the thermopile circulation shuts down. There were also notable changes in the Widely and Ross Seas, where he circulation became weak and shallow. This in turn caused weakening of the deep-water formation and the northward flow of bottom water in the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans was affected. This weakening of the thermopile circulation is attributed to the capping of the model oceans by relatively fresh water in high latitudes where the excess of precipitation over evaporation increases markedly due to the enhanced pollard moisture transport in the warmer model troposphere. [8] Schmeltzer and Stocker (1998) used a simplified coupled atmosphere-ocean model to study the possible effects of greenhouse gas emissions. The findings were similar to Mbabane and Stouffer, with the model exhibiting a threshold value of ICC concentration beyond which the thermopile circulation shuts down and does not recover. The concentration of ICC is doubled here, and exhibits a shutdown; however the model is less sensitive than that of Mbabane and Stouffer. The model shows that the thermopile circulation breaks down for a value of 750 pump or higher. An equilibrium state is reached characterized by the absence of deep-water formation in the North Atlantic. Mbabane and Stouffer (2003) revisited the effect of carbon dioxide on thermopile recirculation by conducting several integrations using a coupled atmosphere- ocean model for a time period varying between 4000 years to 1 5000 years. Similar to the study carried out in 1 993, the concentrations of ICC are doubled, quadrupled and halved. In each experiment the response of surface temperature increases with increasing latitudes. In the coccyx experiment, thermopile circulation shows weakening before intensifying around the 200-year mark. It fully regains its original intensity in the 60th year. The coccyx experiment shows the thermopile circulation reacting in a animal manner as earlier noted, however, it regained its intensity around the 1000-year mark. The weakening of the thermopile circulation in the coccyx and coccyx experiments is attributable to reduction in the surface salinity of the North Atlantic Ocean. With the warming of the troposphere (due to increased ICC concentrations), the moisture content in the air increases; this in turn enhances the transport of water vapor in the troposphere towards the poles. The precipitation in the high latitudes goes up by a fairly high amount, which reduces the salinity and density of the North Atlantic waters. 5. Conclusion [10] There are several hypotheses that state that the continued effect of global warming could eventually shut down the thermopile circulation and lead to cooling in certain regions in the North Atlantic Ocean. Global warming could lead to an increase of freshwater in the upper oceanic regions, by melting glaciers, and thereby increasing precipitation into the ocean. This increase in freshwater could have an adverse effect on the thermopile circulation which, as mentioned earlier, IS driven by changes in temperature and salinity. In 2004, NASA satellites recorded what seemed to be the slowing f the North Atlantic current. On April 15 of that year, NASA released a press statement stating that the slowing of this ocean current is an indication of dramatic changes in the North Atlantic Ocean climatic?. A study of the ocean circulation in the North Atlantic by Harry Burden (2005) revealed that Atlantic meridian overturning circulation has slowed by about 30 per cent between 1957 and 2004. Burdens finding Was viewed with speculation by the scientific and oceanographic community, especially since measurements conducted post 2005 showed a significant warming of the North Atlantic Current. However, the current overall climate is definitely changing; in particular sea- ice formation is less because of overall global warming. Burden predicts that the shutdown on the thermopile circulation could have severe repercussions on Europe, in that the temperature would change drastically. There could be major climatic changes such as an increase in floods and storms. Warming or rainfall changes in the tropics or the poles could occur. While the rest of the scientific community felt Burdens findings were not credible, Delete Quadrates (2005) felt that there were a few observations that purported Burdens work. Quadrates pointed out that climatic records have shown drops in air temperature by ICC in a few decades possibly caused due to abrupt changes in ocean circulation. Global warming is a very real threat to the human race. The question we face is whether global warming is in fact to going to affect the thermopile circulation. Even though there is a large amount of research that is being conducted in this area, there is an equal amount of opposition to it. Sorrowing (2007) has called the increase of ICC concentrations the Greatest Scientific Scandal of our Time. Sorrowing lams that the EPIC assessment of global warming in 2007 was purely a political move, prepared by governmental and United Nations bureaucrats. In another article in 2007, Sorrowing also claimed that the increase of ICC is not due to human activity but by atmosphere-ocean gas exchange and other causes of natural climatic fluctuations. Numerical models may provide a fairly decent idea of the functioning Of systems, but there is always the danger Of erroneous statistical methods and the use of boundary conditions that dont necessarily reflect the real world. However, at the risk of sounding trite, reversion is better than cure. The risk of man entering a new ice age is very real as of now, and will remain so until research shows otherwise. There are studies that speculate that the shutdown of the thermopile circulation is what previously led to the Younger Dryads (the big freeze) period (Creameries, 2006).